Bezpieczny Bank nr nr 4 (81) 2020, s. 111-135
https://doi.org/10.26354/bb.5.4.81.2020
Dariusz Jędrzejka
ORCID: 0000-0002-5512-1788
adiunkt, Uniwersytet Łódzki, Katedra Bankowości
Zrobotyzowana automatyzacja procesów w bankowości – szanse i wyzwania
Robotic Process Automation in Banking – Opportunities and Challenges
Streszczenie
Zrobotyzowana automatyzacja procesów (RPA) pozwala przekazać operacje wykonywane przez człowieka w systemach komputerowych robotowi programowemu (programowi), stanowiącemu „wirtualny ekwiwalent” pracownika. Jest to nowe podejście do usprawniania procesów, gdzie w odróżnieniu od tradycyjnego oprogramowania automatyzującego, roboty programowe korzystają z systemów komputerowych nie w sposób typowy dla maszyn a zbliżony do tego, jak robi to człowiek. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zastosowania RPA w bankach oraz wskazanie jej wpływu na działanie banku oraz jego pracowników. Postawiono tezę, że robotyzacja w istotny sposób zmienia funkcjonowanie banków. W pracy posłużono się przeglądem literatury, w tym opracowań branżowych. Przedstawiono zasady działania robotów programowych, ich zalety oraz specyficzne cechy odróżniające je od alternatywnych rozwiązań usprawniających procesy. Wskazano istotne dla banków argumenty za ich wdrażaniem, a ich omówienie uzupełniono przykładami robotyzacji procesów typowych dla bankowości. Przedstawiono ryzyka i wyzwania związane z wdrażaniem robotyzacji. Wskazano oczekiwane, przyszłe kompetencje pracowników banków, które są kluczowe w pracy w wysoce zautomatyzowanym i zrobotyzowanym środowisku. W pracy zaprezentowano wieloaspektowy wpływ automatyzacji procesów na funkcjonowanie banku i jego pracowników.
Słowa kluczowe: banki, automatyzacja, zrobotyzowana automatyzacja procesów
Abstract
Robotic process automation (RPA) allows to transfer manual operations within computer systems to software robots (programs), which act as “virtual equivalents” of employees. It is a new approach to process improvement, where, unlike traditional automation software, robots use computer systems not in a way typical for machines, but similarly to how humans do. The article aims to present the application of RPA and to show its impact on the functioning of the bank as an organization level and its employees. The thesis put forward in the paper assumes that robotic automation significantly transform banks’ operation. A literature review and state-of-the-art industry reports has been used. The principles of operation of software robots, their advantages, and specific features that distinguish them from alternative solutions for improving processes are presented. Motives for their application which are relevant for banking have been presented, followed by a description of examples of robotization of bank typical processes. Risks and challenges related to the implementation of robots have been pointed out. The expected future competences of bank employees have been discussed, which may be crucial in relation to working in a highly automated and robotized environment. The paper presents the multifaceted impact of robotization on the functioning of the bank and its employees.
Key words: banks, automation, robotic process automation
JEL: G2, O33
Bibliografia
ACCA, Embracing robotic automation during the evolution of finance, 2018, https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/ACCA_Global/professional-insights/embracing-robotics/Embracing%20robotic%20automation.pdf (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
Accenture, Workfusion, Intelligent Automation Delivering the Future of AML, 2020, https://www.workfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Intelligent-Automation-Delivering-the-Future-of-AML-WorkFusion.pdf (dostęp: 6.07.2020).
Aoun J. E., Robot-Proof: Higher Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, The MIT Press 2017.
BCG, Global Risk 2017, Staying the Course in Banking, 2017, https://image-src.bcg.com/BCG_COM/BCG-Staying-the-Course-in-Banking-Mar-2017_tcm9-146794.pdf (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
BCG, Global Risk 2020, It’s Time for Banks to Self-Disrupt, 2020, https://image-src.bcg.com/Images/BCG-Global-Risk-2020-It%E2%80%99s-Time-for-Banks-to-Self-Disrupt-Apr-2020_tcm78-243862.pdf (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
Bucy M., Finlayson A., Kelly G., Moye C., The ‘how’ of transformation, 9.05.2016, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/the-how-of-transformation (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Capgemini, Reshaping the future: unlocking automation’s untapped value, 2018, https://www.capgemini.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Automation-Use-Cases_Digital1.pdf (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
Daugherty P. R., Wilson H. J., Human + Machine: Reimagining Work in the Age of AI, Harvard Business Review Press, Boston 2018.
Davenport T. H., Brain D., Before Automating Your Company’s Processes, Find Ways to Improve Them, 13.06.2018, Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2018/06/before-automating-your-companys-processes-find-ways-to-improve-them# (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Deloitte, 2020 banking and capital markets outlook, Fortifying the core for the next wave of disruption, 2019, https://www2.deloitte.com/be/en/pages/financial-services/articles/2020-banking-and-capital-markets-outlook.html (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Deloitte, Automation in Onboarding and Ongoing Servicing of Commercial Banking Clients, Streamlining processes and costs with Robotic Process Automation (RPA) and cognitive technologies, 2018, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/financial-services/us-cons-automation-in-on-boarding-and-ongoing-servicing-of-commercial-banking-clients.pdf (dostęp: 26.06.2020);
Deloitte, Internal Controls over Financial Reporting Considerations for Developing and Implementing Bots, 2018, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/audit/ASC/us-aers-robotic-process-automation-internal-controls-over-financial-reporting-considerations-for-developing-and-implementing-bots-september2018.pdf (dostęp: 29.06.2020).
Deloitte, Leading the social enterprise: Reinvent with a human focus, 2019 Deloitte Global Human Capital Trends, Deloitte Insights, 2019, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/5136_HC-Trends-2019/DI_HC-Trends-2019.pdf (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Deloitte, The robots are ready. Are you? Untapped advantage in your digital workforce, 2018, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/bg/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/Deloitte-us-cons-global-rpa-survey.pdf (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
Driscoll T., Value through Robotic Process Automation, „Strategic Finance”, 2018, March, s. 70-71.
Dunham B., Lohr T., Ruddenklau A., Automating the prediction, 2019, KPMG, https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2019/07/automating-the-prediction-fs.html (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Edlich A., Sohoni V., Burned by the bots: Why robotic automation is stumbling, 2017, McKinsey & Company, https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/digital-blog/burned-by-the-bots-why-robotic-automation-is-stumbling (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
English S., Hammond S., Thomson Reuters Regulatory Intelligence – Cost of Compliance 2019, 2019, Thomson Reuters, http://images.financial-risk-solutions.thomsonreuters.info/Web/ThomsonReutersFinancialRisk/{06436eff-ec12-40cd-a2d1-3f8ceab757a9}_Regulatory_Intelligence_Cost_of_Compliance_2019_FINAL.pdf (dostęp: 6.07.2020).
European Banking Federation, Lifting the spell of dirty money, EBF blueprint for an effective EU framework to fight money laundering, 2020, https://www.ebf.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/EBF-Blueprint-for-an-effective-EU-framework-to-fight-money-laundering-Lifting-the-Spell-of-Dirty-Money-.pdf (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
European commission, A decade on from the crisis, Main responses and remaining challenges, 2019, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2019/642253/EPRS_BRI(2019)642253_EN.pdf (dostęp 15.06.2020).
EY, Get ready for robots, 2016, https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Get_ready_for_robots/$FILE/ey-get-ready-for-robots.pdf (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Fersht P., Slaby J. R., Robotic automation emerges as a threat to traditional low-cost outsourcing, 2012, HfS Research, https://www.horsesforsources.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/RS-1210_Robotic-automation-emerges-as-a-threat-060516.pdf (dostęp: 16.06.2020).
Gotthardt M., Koivulaakso D., Paksoy O., Saramo C., Martikainen M., Lehner O. M., Current State and Challenges in the Implementation of Robotic Process Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Accounting and Auditing, “ACRN Oxford Journal of Finance & Risk Perspectives”, 2019, Vol. 8, s. 31–46.
Grand View Research, Robotic Process Automation Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Type (Software, Service), By Application (BFSI, Retail), By Organization, By Service, By Deployment, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2020 – 2027, 2020, https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/robotic-process-automation-rpa-market (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
IBM Corporation, Robotic process automation, 2018, https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/VYBGVKGL (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
Institute for Robotic Process Automation, Introduction to Robotic Process Automation, a Primer, 2015, http://irpaai.com/introduction-to-robotic-process-automation-a-primer/ (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
Jędrzejka D., Robotic process automation and its impact on accounting, „Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości”, 2019, 105 (161), s. 137-166, DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.6061
Jiles L., Govern your bots!, „Strategic Finance”, 2020, January, s. 24-31.
Kedziora D., Kiviranta H.-M., Digital Business Value Creation with Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in Northern and Central Europe, “Management”, 2018, Vol. 13, s. 161-174, https://doi.org/10.26493/1854-4231.13.161-174
Kokina J., Davenport T., The Emergence of Artificial Intelligence: How Automation is Changing Auditing, „Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting”, 2017, Vol. 14, No. 1, s. 115-122, https://doi.org/10.2308/jeta-51730
Kotarba M., Digital Transformation of Business Models, „Foundations of Management”, Vol. 10, 2018, s. 123-142, https://doi.org/10.2478/fman-2018-0011
Kulińska-Sadłocha E., Marcinkowska M., Szambelańczyk J., The impact of pandemic risk on the activity of banks based on the Polish banking sector in the face of COVID-19, „Bezpieczny Bank”, 2020, nr 2 (79), s. 31-59.
Lacity M., Willcocks L., Robotic Process Automation: The Next Transformation Lever for Shared Services, „Credit & Financial Management Review”, 2016, Vol. 22(4), s. 16–44.
Le Clair C., Future Of RPA And Intelligent Automation, 2017, Forrester, https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/416323/UiPathForward Americas 2017/UiPathForward Americas Presentations/%23UiPathForward Americas 2017 Forrester Keynote.pdf (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
Lin P., Adapting to the New Business Environment, „CPA Journal”, 2018, Vol. 88 (12).
Lui A., Lamb G. W., Artificial intelligence and augmented intelligence collaboration: regaining trust and confidence in the financial sector, „Information & Communications Technology Law”, 2018, 27(3), s. 267-283, doi:10.1080/13600834.2018.1488659.
Mancher M., Huff C., Grabowski R., Thomas J., Digital Finance: The Robots Are Here, “The Journal of Government Financial Management“, 2018, Vol. 67, No. 1, Spring.
Manyika J., Chui M., Miremadi M., Bughin J., George K., Willmott P., Dewhurst M., A future that works: automation, employment, and productivity, 2017, www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Featured Insights/Digital Disruption/Harnessing automation for a future that works/MGI-A-future-that-works_Full-report.ashx (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
Massicotte R., These are the bots you’re looking for: Automate tedium, errors, and wasted time out of the finance department with RPA, „Strategic Finance”, 2019, October, s. 38-43
NDL Software Limited, An Introduction To Robotic Process Automation, 2018, https://assurity.nz/assets/290a244552/An-Introduction-to-RPA.pdf (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
Ntansa, Banking Digital Transformation With RPA Is Here And Brings Huge Value, 4.02.2020, https://www.ntansa.com/banking-digital-transformation-with-rpa-is-here-and-brings-huge-value/ (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
PricewaterhouseCoopers, Will robots really steal our jobs? An international analysis of the potential long term impact of automation, 2018, https://www.pwc.co.uk/economic-services/assets/international-impact-of-automation-feb-2018.pdf (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Raju P., Koch R., Can RPA Improve Agility?, „Strategic Finance”, 2019, March, s. 68-69.
Royal Bank of Canada, Humans Wanted, How Canadian youth can thrive in the age of disruption, 2018, https://www.rbc.com/dms/enterprise/futurelaunch/_assets-custom/pdf/RBC-Future-Skills-Report-FINAL-Singles.pdf (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Solis B., The state of digital transformation, 2018-2019 edition, 2019, Altimeter, a Prophet Company, https://www.prophet.com/pdf/the-state-of-digital-transformation-2019/ (dostęp: 10.07.2020).
Spencer D. A., Fear and Hope in an Age of Mass Automation: Debating the Future of Work, “New Technology, Work and Employment”, 2018, Vol. 33 (1), s. 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12105
Stuart I., Prawitt D., Firm-level formalization and auditor performance on complex tasks, „Behavioral Research in Accounting”, 2012, Vol. 24(2), s. 193–210, https://doi.org/10.2308/bria-50113
Sterling C., Managing Software Debt: Building for Inevitable Change, Addison-Wesley Professional 2011.
Sutton S. G., Arnold V., Holt M., How Much Automation Is Too Much? Keeping the Human Relevant in Knowledge Work, „Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting”, 2018, Vol. 15, No. 2, s. 15-25, https://doi.org/10.2308/jeta-52311
Tabrizi B., Lam E., Girard K., Irvin V., Digital transformation is not about technology, Harvard Business Review, 13.03.2019, https://hbr.org/2019/03/digital-transformation-is-not-about-technology (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
Tucker I., The blueprint for continuous accounting, “Strategic Finance”, 2017, May, s. 41-49.
van der Aalst W.M.P., Bichler M., Heinzl A., Robotic Process Automation, “Bus Inf Syst Eng”, 2018, 60, 269–272, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-018-0542-4
Wagner S., Hagan S., Finance Needs People Who Work Well With Robots, 20.08.2019, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-20/finance-needs-people-who-work-well-with-robots (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Watson G., Moving to a Continuous KYC Process, 23.03.2020, https://www.regulationasia.com/moving-continuous-kyc-process/ (dostęp: 29.06.2020).
Westmonroe, Driving down the bank efficiency ratio, 2019, https://www.westmonroepartners.com/perspectives/signature-research/driving-down-the-bank-efficiency-ratio-despite-digital-adoption-vast-improvements-remain (dostęp: 10.07.2020).
World Economic Forum, The Future of Jobs Report 2018, 2018, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2018.pdf (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Zobell S., Why Digital Transformations Fail: Closing The $900 Billion Hole In Enterprise Strategy, 13.03.2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2018/03/13/why-digital-transformations-fail-closing-the-900-billion-hole-in-enterprise-strategy/#27237be17b8b (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Artykuły prasowe i okolicznościowe
Centopani P., Radius Financial Group built its culture around robots and jelly beans, January 2019, Nationalmortgagenews.com, http://search-1ebscohost-1com-10ao1bj179d7f.han3.lib.uni.lodz.pl/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=133973578&lang=pl&site=ehost-live (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Deutsche Bank using robots to compensate for job cuts, Global Banking News (GBN), November 2019. http://search-1ebscohost-1com-10ao1bj179f01.han3.lib.uni.lodz.pl/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bwh&AN=96A21033784815&lang=pl&site=ehost-live, (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Huber J., Lin E., Perrin B., Five Ways Commercial Banks Can Make It Easier to Bring New Clients Aboard, 7.11.2016, Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/baininsights/2016/11/07/five-ways-commercial-banks-can-make-it-easier-to-bring-new-clients-aboard/#5763a78530f0 (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
Irrera A., U.S. business schools embrace 'fintech’ as students clamor for courses, 8.06.2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-students-fintech-idUSKBN18Z20C (dostęp: 10.07.2020).
Partington R., Banks Trimming Compliance Staff as $321 Billion in Fines Abate, 23.03.2017 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-03-23/banks-trimming-compliance-staff-as-321-billion-in-fines-abate (dostęp: 29.06.2020).
Technology expected to claim more US bank jobs, Global Banking News (GBN), October 2019, http://search-1ebscohost-1com-10ao1bj179f01.han3.lib.uni.lodz.pl/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bwh&AN=96A21190993782&lang=pl&site=ehost-live (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Thomson Reuters. Thomson Reuters 2016 Know Your Customer Surveys Reveal Escalating Costs and Complexity, 9.05.2016, https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en/press-releases/2016/may/thomson-reuters-2016-know-your-customer-surveys.html (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
Materiały internetowe
AI Multiple, No code / low code RPA tools enabling faster RPA in 2020, 1.01.2020, https://research.aimultiple.com/no-code-rpa-software/ (dostęp: 26.06.2020).
AI Multiple, Top 61 RPA Usecases/ Applications/ Examples in 2020, 4.07.2020, https://research.aimultiple.com/robotic-process-automation-use-cases/#banking (dostęp: 10.07.2020).
AI Multiple, Ultimate Guide to Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in 2020, 12.06.2020, https://research.aimultiple.com/rpa-alternatives/ (dostęp: 27.06.2020).
Automatyzacja procesów biznesowych – BPA, https://zarzadzanie.uni.lodz.pl/tabid/2955/Default.aspx (dostęp: 2.07.2020).
Davies J., Fact vs. Fiction: Business Users Can Easily Build Software Robots Using RPA Tools, 2.09.2020, https://www.ibm.com/cloud/blog/fact-vs-fiction-business-users-can-easily-build-software-robots-using-rpa-tools (dostęp 28.10.2020).
Outage fever strikes UK banks, 21.09.2018, https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/32686/outage-fever-strikes-uk-banks (dostęp: 29.06.2020).
